Optical Fiber is a transmission medium used for data transmission over short and long distances. This is a medium in which data travels in the form of light signal. the fiber is a long thin strand of glass with a protection material on it, having an outer diameter of 250microns. A micron is a smaller unit of length which is equal to 1000000th part of a meter.
A single strand of Fiber has following parts as can be seen in above diagram
- Core: thin glass material having diameter up to 62.5micron depending upon the type of fiber which will be discussed later. light signal travels in core.
- Cladding: glass material surrounding core, having diameter of 125micron. It is used to reflect back the signal into core.
- Buffer Coating: plastic coating that protects the fiber from damage and moisture. it is also used as identification of different fibers in cables having more than one fibers by using different colors on different fibers. outer diameter of buffer coating is 250micron
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